Preliminary Analysis of Intersystem Biases in BDS-2/BDS-3 Precise Time and Frequency Transfer

The Chinese BeiDou global satellite system (BDS-3) and regional (BDS-2) are predicted to coexist over the next decade. Intersystem biases (ISBs) in BDS-2/BDS-3 play a key role maintaining consistency continuity from BDS-2 BDS-3 time transfer. Here, we discuss temporal characteristics, parameter composition, generation mechanism, effect of ISBs on frequency orbits clock products three international GNSS service analysis centers, namely Wuhan University (WUM, China), GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ, Germany), Center for Orbit Determination Europe (CODE), were employed investigate time-transfer stability when used combination. We analyzed intrinsic characteristics ISBs, receiver types, antennas, standards. Our first results showed that stable different center products, although mean values daily differed markedly centers. With respect relationship between station attribution ISB difference link, type, antenna, standard influence differences stochastic models was evaluated with “walk” “constant” schemes slightly superior “noise”, improvement their being approximately 5% compared “noise”.